Ol samting bilong elektronik na ol maikroseket i kamap long bipo

Histri bilong divelopmen bilong ol ilektronik samting na ol 'microcircuits' em i wanpela 'technological epic' bilong ol manmeri i wok long pusim ol samting i go aut long ol mak bilong bodi, na ol i wok long painim ol liklik sais na gutpela pefomens. As bilong en i go bek long stat bilong 20 senseri, taim ol i kamapim 'vacuum tube' na dispela i makim kamap bilong ol 'electronic devices'. Fleming i bin kamapim 'diode' long 1904, na bihain De Forest i bin kamapim 'diode' long 1906, na dispela i bin kamapim as bilong 'electronic amplification' na 'signal processing'. Tasol, bikpela bilong ol 'vacuum tube', ol i save yusim bikpela pawa, na ol i no strong tumas, dispela i mekim na ol saientis i wok long painim ol narapela rot we ol i ken bilip long en.

Long namel bilong 20 senseri, ol nupela samting long ol 'semiconductor' samting i senisim tru 'electronic' teknoloji. Long 1947, Shockley, Bardeen, na Brattain long Bell Labs i kamapim transistor, wanpela bikpela nupela samting we i mekim ol i ken mekim ol ilektronik divais i kamap liklik. Bihain, tingting bilong 'integrated circuit' (IC) em Jack Kilby na Robert Noyce i bin kamapim long 1958, na ol i salim long 1959. Ol 'microcircuits' i save bungim planti 'transistor' long wanpela 'silicon chip', na dispela i mekim wok i kamap gutpela moa na i no gat bikpela pe bilong en.

Long 1970s, taim Lo bilong Moore i kamap, dispela i soim olsem namba bilong ol 'transistor' long ol 'integrated circuits' bai go antap tru, na dispela i kirapim wok bilong kamapim 'microelectronics' teknoloji. Ol wok i kamap long 'photolithography' i mekim na ol wok bilong wokim ol 'chip' i ken senis long 'micron' i go long 'nanometer' skel, na dispela i kirapim ol kompyuta bilong ol yet, ol mobail komunikesen, na intanet. Taim yumi go insait long 21 senseri, ol i wok long painim ol nupela samting olsem ol 'carbon nanotubes', tupela 'dimensional' samting (olsem 'graphene'), na ol 'quantum dots' bilong wokim ol 'electronic devices' bilong ol narapela jeneresen, na tu, 3D paket na ol kain kain 'integration technologies' i bin subim moa yet ol wok bilong ol 'microcircuits'.

Stat long ol 'vacuum tube' i go inap long ol 'nanoscale chips', senis bilong ol 'electronic materials' na 'microcircuits' i no senisim nupela teknoloji tasol tu i senisim tru pasin bilong yumi long wok na stap laip. Long bihain taim, wantaim ol nupela samting i kamap long saiens bilong ol samting na teknoloji bilong wokim ol samting, ol ilektronik divais bai wok long kamap gutpela moa na i gat gutpela tingting.